Gestalt

Gestalt psychology is a theory of the brain and how it is able to visually recognize entire forms and figures. Gestalt means shape or figure and there are four components of Gestalt psychology:

Emergence- Perception of the image and seeing the shape of the dog

Reification- Perception of a form or shape with out it being there

Multistability- One image that goes back and forth between two images like an illusion

Invariance- Objects can be recognized even though they are distorted or changed in some way